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Kukula Kwanyumba Kwa Mabakiteriya a Mabakiteriya

Zinyalala zolimba zomwe zimapangidwa popanga maantibayotiki ndizotsalira za bakiteriya, ndipo zigawo zake zazikuluzikulu ndi mycelium wa mabakiteriya omwe amapanga maantibayotiki, sing'anga yosagwiritsidwa ntchito, ma metabolites omwe amapangidwa munthawi ya nayonso mphamvu, kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zamtundu wachikhalidwe, ndi pang'ono maantibayotiki, ndi zina zambiri. M'matsalira a maantibayotiki omwe amawononga mabakiteriya, chifukwa chotsalira pachikhalidwe komanso maantibayotiki ochepa ndi zinthu zawo zowononga, zitha kukhala zowononga chilengedwe. Anthu ena akuwona kuti ndi imodzi mwaziwopsezo zazikulu pakupanga maantibayotiki. Ili ndiye dziko Zifukwa zakulekerera mankhwala opangira maantibayotiki m'maiko ena otukuka. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka m'mabakiteriya, zimatha kuyambitsa nayonso mphamvu yachiwiri, kudetsa mtundu, kutulutsa fungo loipa, komanso kuwononga chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, kwanthawi yayitali, anthu akhala akufunafuna njira zachuma, zogwira ntchito, komanso zazikulu zoteteza kuipitsa.

dziko langa ndi lomwe limapanga komanso kugulitsa kwambiri ma API padziko lapansi. Mu 2015, kutulutsa maantibayotiki APIs kudafikira matani opitilira 140,000, ndipo matani opitilira 1 miliyoni a mabakiteriya azachipatala omwe amasinthidwa chaka chilichonse. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito moyenera ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino zotsalira za biomedical zili ndi msika waukulu. Zogulitsa zitatha kuteteza zachilengedwe pazotsalira za bakiteriya zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokonza nthaka popangira zinthu zopangira, zomwe zitha kupititsa patsogolo mamiliyoni asanu a dothi lopanda mchere la alkali, kukonza nthaka, ndikuwonjezera thanzi la mbewu . Njira zophatikizira zochiritsira zopanda vuto la biomedicine zitha kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsalira za biomedical, zomwe zimapindulitsa kwenikweni pazachuma komanso zopindulitsa kwanthawi yayitali pazaumoyo komanso zachilengedwe.

Makhalidwe a slag ya maantibayotiki

Chinyontho cha mabakiteriya a mabakiteriya ndi 79% ~ 92%, zomanga thupi zopanda pake m'matumba owuma a mabakiteriya mabakiteriya ndi 30% ~ 40%, mafuta osakongola ndi 10% ~ 20%, ndipo pali zina zamagetsi zamkati mankhwala. Organic solvents, calcium, magnesium, trace element ndi pang'ono zotsalira za maantibayotiki.

Maantibayotiki osiyanasiyana ali ndi mitundu ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo mabakiteriya otsala amakhalanso osiyanasiyana. Ngakhale maantibayotiki omwewo, chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana, amakhala ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana.

Makampani ogwira ntchito zakunja ndi akunja

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1950, zotsalira za maantibayotiki zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera zowonjezera kuti apange chakudya chama protein ambiri. dziko langa ladziperekanso pakufufuza mderali kuyambira 1980. Kafukufuku apeza kuti kuwonjezera maantibayotiki a mycelium kudyetsa kuli ndi zotsatira ziwiri zabwino. Kumbali imodzi, imatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa nkhuku ndikuwonjezera zokolola, ndipo chifukwa zida zake zotsalira zimatha kupewa matenda ena, kuwonjezera kuchuluka koyenera kumathandizira Kuchepetsa mtengo wamagwiritsidwe azakudya komanso kuchuluka kwa nkhuku. Koma mbali inayi, maantibayotiki ochepa omwe atsalira m'miyala ya mycelium ndi kuwonongeka kwa mabakiteriya a maantibayotiki adzapindulitsanso nyama, ndipo anthu adzapindulitsidwa mwa anthu atadya, kuti thupi la munthu lipange mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Poyambira matenda, kuchuluka kwake kwa Mlingowu kumatha kuchepetsa vutoli ndikuwopseza thanzi la anthu. Nthawi yomweyo, zotsalira zambiri za mycelial zouma ndi dzuwa, zomwe zimawononga chilengedwe. Mu 2002, Unduna wa Zaulimi, Unduna wa Zaumoyo, ndi State Drug Administration adatulutsa chilengezo "Catalog ya Mankhwala Oletsedwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito M'madzi Amadyetsa ndi Kumwa a Zinyama", kuphatikiza maantibayotiki. Malinga ndi zofunikira za "Pharmaceutical Industry Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Policy" yomwe idaperekedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachilengedwe mu Marichi 2012, zinyalala zambiri zotchedwa mycelial zidzawerengedwa kuti ndi zoopsa ndipo ziyenera kuwotchedwa kapena kutayidwa bwinobwino. Pali zovuta zina pamitengo yaukadaulo ndi zachuma pakampani. Pazomwe zilipo, mtengo wokonzanso ungapitirire mtengo wopangira.

Makampani opanga mankhwala m'dziko langa akupita patsogolo kwambiri. Matani mamiliyoni a zinyalala za bakiteriya amapangidwa chaka chilichonse, koma palibe njira yabwino komanso yothandiza yothandizira. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunika kuti mupeze njira yothandiza, yosasamalira zachilengedwe, komanso njira yayikulu yothandizira.